Corporate Fitness and Active Aging

What Is Biomechanics?

In the health and fitness world, biomechanics is a subdiscipline of kinesiology. Kinesiology is the broader study of movement, incorporating topics like anatomy, physiology, motor learning, and exercise science. Biomechanics narrows the focus to examine the structure and movement within the musculoskeletal system, mostly focused on mechanical forces acting on the body.

These mechanical principles come from physics and engineering and help us understand how internal forces like bones, joints, and muscles produce motion. External forces like gravity can also show how they impact the body during movement. Having this knowledge plays a key role in improving performance, injury prevention, and designing sport-specific equipment and training strategies.

Core Principles of Biomechanics

Biomechanics core principles involve kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics is about describing motion, or how things move, without considering the acting forces. Kinetics is about the forces that create motion, or why things move, and includes internal and external forces. Key components of this include understanding motion, force, leverage, and balance. The body functions as a system of levers, and understanding how these systems work together allows for more efficient and safer movement patterns.

Applications of Biomechanics

Biomechanics applies basic principles of physics toward key areas like improving human performance, reducing risk of injury, and designing specific exercise equipment. These insights can help increase speed, efficiency, and power, all great for improving technique.

Biomechanics and Injury Prevention

Biomechanics plays a major role in injury prevention by identifying improper movement patterns like poor lifting or running form. Addressing these issues can reduce excessive joint stress and overuse injuries. Applying biomechanical principles is also important in rehabilitation to help guide exercise selection, progression, and determine when an individual can return safely to activity.

When it comes to creating exercise gear and equipment for sport performance, biomechanics can play an important role. It can help with engineering designs such as making running shoes for certain gaits, prosthetics for replacing missing body parts, and wearable gear that can provide real-time data.

Improving Biomechanics

Improving biomechanics requires intentional work on movement quality, not just strength or endurance. Key strategies involve getting a biomechanical assessment, focusing strength training with quality form, and improving mobility and flexibility. Biomechanical assessments involve having a professional screen movement patterns to identify any imbalances. Weight training with proper form involves reviewing movements during lifts to identify posture issues or inadequate movement patterns. Building strength in smaller stabilizer muscles can help support the joints and aid in proper alignment. Improving mobility and flexibility can also benefit biomechanics by increasing range of motion and improving overall technique.

By bringing the worlds of biological science and engineering principles together, biomechanics allows us to examine all forces acting on the body. This understanding allows practitioners and individuals alike to prevent injuries, improve movement efficiency, and support effective rehabilitation.

By applying biomechanical principles, the general population can move more safely, perform more efficiently, and function better in everyday tasks. Ultimately, biomechanics serves as a foundation to help individuals of all abilities move with more confidence, control, and purpose.

Take a moment and think back to when you were a kid at recess—when you were able to take a break from the classroom, where you could run, climb, jump, and play without thinking about “exercise.” Usually, it was a time we all looked forward to—away from our school desks. Playing tag, jumping rope, shooting basketball with friends, climbing on the monkey bars, and swinging were all staples of recess and are great forms of exercise. Recess is grounded in children having fun while getting adequate daily movement. As kids, fun naturally guided us toward physical activity. So why does that have to change as adults?

Spoiler alert—it doesn’t!!

As adults, sometimes thinking about having to carve out time to exercise feels heavy and even unmotivating. We get stuck in our routines, and daily movement becomes another chore to cross off the list. What if you could reframe that mindset? What if movement could feel like adult recess—a time to be creative, play, explore, and try new things? This doesn’t have to be an everyday occurrence. Bringing fun into your routine even a few times a week can help exercise feel more meaningful and sustainable. Here are some ways to make that shift:

Novelty: Trying Something New
Adding novelty to your fitness routine is one of the quickest ways to bring fun back into movement. This might look like trying a themed workout, joining a group fitness class, introducing different equipment, or starting a fresh challenge or program. Your brain loves variety—new experiences activate curiosity, excitement, and reward pathways, which make movement more enjoyable and encourage consistency. When exercise stops feeling repetitive, it becomes something you want to return to.

Trying a Micro-Workout (10-Minute Workout)
If long workouts feel overwhelming, micro-workouts can be a game-changer. A 10-minute workout may feel small, but it can boost energy, improve mood, and break up your day in a refreshing way. These short bursts of movement are easy to fit into a busy schedule and can help eliminate the “all-or-nothing” mentality. Over time, micro-workouts can also build confidence and momentum, making you more likely to add more activity naturally.

Choosing Movement You Enjoy
One of the simplest ways to make exercise fun is to stop forcing yourself into forms of movement you dread. Enjoyment is a powerful motivator. Whether it’s biking, rollerblading, swimming, pickleball, rock climbing, joining a sports league, or taking a dance class—lean into activities that naturally make you happy. When movement feels like “play,” you don’t need discipline to keep going—you keep going because you genuinely look forward to it.

Adding a Social Component
Movement becomes more enjoyable and sustainable when you add a social aspect. Whether you invite a friend to join you for a workout, schedule walk-and-talk meetings, or attend a group fitness class, you benefit from connection and accountability. Exercising with others can reduce stress, increase motivation, and make the experience far more fun. Humans are wired for community—use that to your advantage.

Changing the Environment
A change of scenery can completely shift your experience with exercise. Moving from the machine area of the gym to free weights or a group fitness room, trying a new park or outdoor trail, taking a break from work to do a short “deskercise” routine, or even rearranging your home workout space can make movement feel energizing again. Environments play a huge role in how motivated and engaged we feel. When you switch up your setting, you invite creativity, mental stimulation, and fresh energy into your routine.

Being Mindful
Being mindful during movement means paying attention to how exercise makes you feel—both physically and emotionally. Instead of focusing on how long a workout takes or how many calories you burn, try noticing improvements like a brighter mood, less stress, more energy, or feeling more capable in your daily life. When you intentionally acknowledge these benefits, movement becomes something you look forward to rather than something you feel obligated to do. Mindfulness turns exercise into a positive experience instead of a punishment.

Using Music Intentionally
Music has the power to elevate your entire workout experience. Curate a playlist that genuinely excites you or try matching specific exercises to songs to create a sense of flow and rhythm. Music can increase enjoyment, boost performance, and make time pass more quickly. When the right song hits, movement becomes less of a task and more of a fun experience.

Turning Movement into a Game
“Gamifying” movement can transform workouts from something you “should” do into something you want to do. Try fitness bingo, movement-based challenges, or interactive apps like Pokémon Go or Zombies, Run! These tools tap into your natural desire for reward, achievement, and play. When exercise feels like a game, even small amounts of movement feel exciting and meaningful.

As you approach your later years in life, exercise and movement can help combat some of the unpleasant effects of aging. There are many ways that you can exercise your body, but as you get older, how do you know what kind of exercise is the best and safest? The short answer is it depends. There is not just one kind of exercise that is the best. In general, incorporating aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility, and balance work into your exercise routine will give you the most well-rounded benefits. Having the knowledge of the benefits of each type of exercise can help you determine what to prioritize based on your own individual needs.

Effects of Aging

As we age, we all know that our bodies experience wear and tear. A decrease in muscle mass, balance, and flexibility are inevitable with age, regardless of how active you are. Muscles and bones become weaker, joints become stiffer, and overall functionality declines. After the age of 30, you start to lose 3% - 5% of your muscle mass every decade. This rate increases once you reach the age of 60. Luckily, there are ways that you can reduce this rate of decline.

Exercise Recommendations

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that adults 65 and older should aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity every week. When you break it down, that’s only 30 minutes each day if you exercise 5 days in a week. This can be as simple as walking the dog, gardening, or playing catch with your grandkids. Older adults should strength train, stretch, and work on balance at least twice a week. Yoga is a great way to incorporate flexibility, core strength, and balance into your weekly routine. There are several different types of yoga, and this practice can be done seated or standing, so no matter your experience or ability level, anyone can participate.

It’s easy to overcomplicate or feel overwhelmed with these recommendations. If you are currently inactive, start with exercising just one or two days a week, then gradually increase. If 30 minutes all at once feels like too much, you can split up your exercise into 10-minute bouts throughout the day. Find an activity that you enjoy doing and stick with it. As long as you stay consistent, you will notice an increase in stamina over time. Building up stamina and strength will help you improve the overall quality and quantity of your life.

It may be beneficial to seek help from a fitness professional if you are unsure of where to start. A personal trainer can help tailor an exercise routine to fit your specific needs and goals. They can also ensure proper technique to reduce risk of injury and maximize benefits.

Benefits of Regular Exercise

The benefits of exercising regularly are plentiful! Let’s break down the specific benefits for each category of exercise.

Aerobic Exercise

• Improves heart health, lung function, and circulatory system
• Prevents illness and diseases
• Increases stamina
• Lowers blood pressure and heart rate
• Regulates blood sugar
• Improves sleep
• Weight management
• Improves mood and reduces stress

Strength Training

• Strengthens muscles
• Increases muscle mass
• Increases metabolism
• Reduces risk of falls
• Prevents osteopenia and osteoporosis

Balance

• Prevents falls
• Improves posture, coordination, and stability
• Reduces risk of injuries
• Improves quality of life

Flexibility

• Increases range of motion and mobility
• Prevents injuries
• Improves circulation
• Reduces pain
• Promotes relaxation

Building an Exercise Routine

Each individual body is unique and there is no one size fits all exercise routine that everyone needs to follow. There are several factors that may come into play when deciding what to prioritize, including age, medical conditions, current activity level, and personal preference. For example, someone with osteoporosis may want to focus on strength training and balance to increase bone density and decrease fall risk. While someone who has arthritis might want to prioritize stretching to improve joint flexibility. An individual with hypertension should probably work on aerobic exercise first to decrease blood pressure and heart rate.

Following a holistic approach to exercise by incorporating pieces of aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility, and balance into your exercise routine is your best bet for staying fit and functional as you age. Using the CDC’s exercise recommendations as a guide can be helpful, however, you have the freedom to prioritize what you think is best for your own individual needs.

Most folks who have ever participated in balance training know that most exercises seem to involve only the legs. While it is important to focus on our lower extremities during our training, it is important to incorporate the use of our arms for more functional and effective training. Why? Because this will have more real-world applications! For example, practicing single leg stance is important for improving balance but most of us are not going to be in a situation where we must stand on one leg for an extended period of time. We will, however, be shifting our weight from one leg to another, swinging our arms like we do when walking, taking the stairs, dancing, or cleaning the house in real world daily activities.

So here we hope to provide you with a few balance exercises to consider for a more functional exercise for day-to-day fitness!

• Weight shifts with rotation (golf)
  • Stand with feet shoulder width apart with right hand on a chair or balance bar.
  • Raise left hand overhead with slight bend in knees.
  • Slowly hinge at the hip and bend down, bringing your left hand to the right knee.
  • Slowly rise back up, raising left arm overhead, rotating your shoulder, head, and hips, pivoting the right foot. Most body weight should now be on your left leg. This movement should almost mimic a golf swing.
  • Repeat 10 times, and switch sides.

• Step/lunge with rotation (walking)
  • Stand 6 inches or so away from a wall, facing the right.
  • Step forward with the left foot initiating a step or lunge.
  • Extend right arm forward, turn to the left, and touch the wall.
  • Rotate back to facing forward, stepping back to the starting position.
  • Repeat 10 times, and then switch sides.

• Hip hinge with overhead reach (stocking shelves)
  • Stand behind a chair with feet slightly wider than hip width.
  • With slight bend in the knees, hinge at the hip forward until hands are at or just below knee level.
  • Stand back up slowly and bring hands to your chest.
  • Press both hands over head as if you were putting something up in a cabinet.
  • Bring hands back down and repeat.
    • Use a weight or a ball for a more realistic experience!

• Single Arm Standing resistance band rows (walking the dog)
  • Attach a resistance band to an anchor point (balance bar or door handle)
  • Stand back to put tension on the band and set feet just wider than hip width.
  • Maintain posture keeping your shoulders down and elbows in as you row. Make sure to avoid trunk rotation.
  • Repeat 10 – 12 times and repeat on the other side.

• Farmers carry (carrying groceries)
  • Grab 2 heavy dumbbells (heavier than what you would normally use for biceps curl).
  • Stand tall with good posture, shoulders back, core engaged, and a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Walk at a slow and controlled pace around a room or down a hall with a flat even floor, and nothing in the way.
  • Perform this exercise for laps or for time (20-30 seconds for beginners and up to 1 minute or more for advanced).

These are exercises that can be done with little access to fitness equipment, but we still recommend connecting with your fitness professional to make sure you are completing them safely. All these mentioned can be modified to fit your abilities and what is more important is that all these exercises can be translated into real life activities.

Keep in mind, this is all about “functional” balance. While not all exercises are labeled as functional, they are still beneficial. For example, leg presses are great for building strength in the lower body, but they do not address balance specifically. Knowing why certain exercises are functional is also a great way to keep your fitness routine engaging, because now you know why you are performing a certain movement, and how it will apply out outside of the gym!

Interested in learning more to help your residents stay fit with functional fitness? NIFS Fitness Management includes 1-1 services and group programming that can help make sure your residents fitness program keeps them engaged in the things they love to do! Contact us for consulting opportunities.

We hear a lot about stability, but how do you accurately incorporate it into a client’s program? Understanding how to incorporate stability training will help keep your clients functional, independent, and healthy regardless of age.

Here are five ways to incorporate stability training.

1. Functional balance. Think advanced balance exercises that are performed with slight movement. Because functional balance is directly correlated to everyday life, performing these types of exercises can be an eye-opener for clients, highlighting their ability to balance. Functional balance can look like marching on foam pads, lunging forward and twisting your upper body, or lightly tapping your foot on top of a cone.
2. Strength. Having muscular strength is good, but can your clients perform exercises like the single-leg Romanian Deadlift and control their shoulders or hips so that they don’t rotate? Strength directly correlates to better balance, and putting the body in positions where the torso needs to stabilize enhances training.
3. Reaction. Every day we react to either verbal or visual stimulus. Why not train it? Training reaction can look like having clients partner up and do mirrored exercises like tandem walk, lateral shuffle, or even marching forward and back or left and right, while mirroring your (or a partner’s) movements. Another fun twist on reaction training with a larger group is to form a large circle and start marching in place. The leader tells the group which way to march and sees how some individuals respond quickly to the command while others have to think about it.
4. Coordination and agility. Training the limbs to move in sync with one another is a challenge. Exercises with an agility ladder provide multiple opportunities to see the exercises demonstrated and make your body do what it just saw. Want to add more of a challenge? Try asking your clients to keep their heads up—and not keep their eyes down on their feet.
5. Central nervous system. Combining the training approaches above either allows for new pathways to be formed in the CNS, or uses old pathways that have not been used recently. We all know the benefit of creating pathways throughout the CNS, but how do we train for this? Envision a difficult exercise, one for which you know what the body needs to do but successfully doing it is another story. Incorporate exercises that require one part of the body to do something separate from the other, for example one of my favorite exercises is Quick Feet, Slow Arms: the feet are going rapid fire, but the slower the arms move, the better.

The fun in training stability is seeing different peoples’ thought processes. What is easy to one person can be hard to someone else, yet for the next exercise it could be vice versa. Our clients enjoy stability training because it’s unlike any class they have experienced, provides a new learning opportunity, and keeps them on their toes.

What are some of your favorite ways to train stability? Click below for more information on how to maximize balance training for your residents. 

Fitness management is the cornerstone of our business. Recently we have seen an uptick in clients requesting our support in developing broader wellness programming for their residents through the continuums of care. Sometimes the need arises due to challenges with community personnel who don’t have the tools and resources to cultivate the desired lifestyle for residents. Sometimes it’s because they don’t have a point person to pull everyone together out of their silos across the continuums. Sometimes it’s both! Sound familiar?

How Well Is Your Community Collaborating on Purposeful Programs?

Ask yourself a few questions about how well your community is collaborating and building programs with purpose and intention:

• Do activities staff collaborate regularly on program and service options across departments and disciplines such as dining, fitness, health services, the chaplain, and the social worker?
• Do activities staff across all continuums of care collaborate regularly on programs and services and work toward common goals together?
• Is your calendar full of activities to keep your residents busy (for example, cards, movies, speakers, shopping trips, and so on), or is your calendar crafted with activities that create purpose for residents?

A Visit with a Senior Living Client in New Jersey

I provided a solution to these answers during a recent visit with a senior living client in New Jersey. We have been providing our traditional fitness management services to this client for the past four years. The approach we discussed was shifting our degreed and certified staff into a Wellness Director role, who maintains fitness duties in the fitness center while also facilitating a strong collaborative approach with activities personnel in independent living and health care.

This particular client has come to expect creative and diverse program offerings from our Fitness Manager. Events offered last month for Active Aging Week included Yoga Poses and Doggy Noses (yep, that’s yoga with dogs folks), a Blood Drive, and Movies & Smoothies. Past events included their Polar Plunge, Mind Moves, and Healthy Habit Bingo. As the client recognizes the experiences we create for residents that promote engagement and movement versus sit-and-listen events, they begin to lean on us to support them more broadly outside the realm of fitness. We are also seeing a strong desire for the standard of programming cultivated within independent living to carry consistently through assisted living and health care environments. But we are aware of the struggle communities have to bring that to fruition.

NIFS Staff Members Make the Difference

Our strength lies in the people we hire—in their ability to build exceptional relationships with the residents who participate in their programs and also with the staff at the community with whom they collaborate regularly. Their background as health and fitness professionals empowers them with program solutions to support whole-person well-being. The tools and resources they have behind them from NIFS create the space for strategic planning with key stakeholders in resident well-being.

We essentially become a champion for your community by fueling ideas, breaking down the silos, and getting everyone working from the same playbook on a new standard of program and service offerings. If you are interested in hearing more about NIFS's support of broader wellness programming within your senior living communities, contact me or read on.

After a workout, it’s important to relax your mind and body. A great way to make sure the muscles are relaxed after a workout is to stretch. Many people overlook the importance of flexibility in fitness, not realizing that with improved flexibility you can enhance your workouts.

Even just adding in 5 to 10 minutes of stretching after a workout is better than nothing! You do not have to set aside 30 minutes a day for flexibility; quick sessions after a workout are great to relieve the tension in your muscles. When I stretch after a workout session, I can tell I have a better range of motion, my muscles are pliable, and the stress from the workout eases tremendously. Most mornings when I wake up, it’s a struggle to even be able to touch my toes. With a quick stretch, I am instantly moving better.

Flexibility’s Role in Functional Movement

Flexibility is often overlooked because it’s not something seen as a component of health and wellness. When it comes to exercise, most people are looking to lose weight, run faster, lift heavier weights, and become a stronger person overall. They fail to realize that when you improve your flexibility, you will also increase your workout performance as well as increase your ability to tackle everyday activities (functional fitness).

As we age, we know it becomes increasingly difficult to be as mobile as we were before. Bones become more fragile and muscles tend to lose elasticity. This is where flexibility really comes into play. When you keep up with stretching and loosening those muscles daily with flexibility, you are increasing your body’s range of motion. With a greater range of motion comes the ease of accomplishing everyday activities.

The Best Time to Stretch

When’s the best time to stretch? The best time to static stretch is after a workout. Many of us have been taught that it is important to warm up the muscles with stretching before exercise. Many scientists have determined that is not the case. Stretching the muscles before an intense exercise session can do more harm to them than good; it may actually inhibit the ability for the muscle to fire when it is supposed to.

It is important to warm the muscles up with dynamic movements versus static. Dynamic exercises will activate the reflexes in the muscles and tendons, whereas static stretching is just pulling on the muscles before they are warmed up. Static stretching is best after exercise during recovery because it helps the body cool down from a workout; the muscles are warm from the workout, making them easier to stretch.

Interested in helping your employees move more?  Check out our EBook and how your can help your work force "Fit it In"!

So what’s so practical about going to the gym, anyway? We can always find a million and one good reasons not to go. The dishes aren’t done, I haven’t finished reading the newspaper, the laundry is piling up, I have a headache, it’s too nice to be stuck inside, I’ve had a bad day…the list of excuses can go on and on. So why even bother?

The good news is that you don’t have to work out. But with every yin there is a yang, and the bad news is that if you choose not to exercise, you can expect to have a tougher time, especially as you get older, with simple daily tasks.

What Happens When You Can’t Perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)?

At this point in your life I bet you can’t imagine not being able to walk up and down a flight of stairs, or losing the ability to dress yourself or brush your own hair. These are simple activities of daily living that we tend to take for granted. I can’t imagine entrusting my 5-year-old nephew with picking out clothes and putting them on me. I would probably have on a t-shirt with dinosaurs or a front-end loader on it, a pair of warmup pants (on backward, of course), and slip-on Wellie boots on the wrong feet. So thank goodness I can manage to get myself together and pick out my own clothes at this point in my life—and walk up and down the stairs to pick out said clothes, and get myself to work, or out to dinner with my husband, or on a walk with the dogs.

So how do we lose the ability to do functional movements that seem mundane at this point in our lives? It all boils down to inactivity. Sure, there are a lot of other issues that can compound the simple act of avoiding movement and exercise. But the act of avoiding movement and exercise on its own is enough, over time, and added to the natural muscular wasting or atrophy that occurs as we age, creates a perfect storm of problems that can seem insurmountable.

We need movement, especially weight-bearing exercises, to keep our muscles healthy and vital. As we age (Newsflash: we are all getting older; by the time you get to the end of this blog, you will be 10 minutes older), our bodies are less able to both maintain and create new muscle. Once you reach age 70, this issue begins to accelerate. By age 80 the problem has moved into the fast lane, and boy does she have a lead foot. 

The Senior Fitness Solution: Keep Moving and Staying Active

This wasting process makes daily activities increasingly more difficult. And now we are back to the idea of going to the gym, because we don’t want our legs to shrivel up like a worm that sits in the sun too long. But we still have the same old excuses. So what to do? Do the things that you want to continue to maintain your ability to do.

• Going up and down stairs: You still want to walk up and down the stairs? Take 10 to 15 minutes a day and briskly walk up and down the stairs. If you don’t have a staircase, use the curb outside or buy an aerobic step riser from a sporting goods store.
• Getting in and out of chairs (or on or off the toilet): Another key exercise for leg strength is a modified squat, or what we call a sit to stand (and it’s also good for balance). Sitting on the edge of a sturdy chair, trying not to use your arms, come up to a standing position. Then sit back down. Imagine you are sitting on a lemon meringue pie. Don’t splat it out; sit on it gently. Don’t stay in the chair. Just touch it with your rear end and then push back up. Try 2 or 3 sets of 10.
• Dressing yourself and performing ADLs: Want to still be able to dress yourself and brush your own hair? Do modified pushups or wall pushups! Two sets of 10 per day will be more than adequate. Add in some weights (you can just use soup cans) and do some overhead presses and a few bicep curls and reverse flys to activate the upper body. Stick with the idea of doing the exercises until the muscles fatigue, usually after 20 to 30 repetitions. Add in a few planks for core strength. If planks are out of your league right now, just do some bent-leg lifts while on your back on the floor.

All of this is probably within your reach now. But why don’t you take a few minutes after you finish reading this blog to test out your abilities. Do all the stuff I outlined above, with not too much of a break in between, and see how you do. If it is a little or a lot tough, keep at it! It will get easier, and you will still be able to brush your hair and get off the toilet as you age! I’d say that active aging is a reward in and of itself.

Check out more great ideas like this from our staff!  Click below for more best practices from NIFS.