Corporate Fitness and Active Aging

Working on balance for the reduction of falls should be a part of your fitness journey during your aging process. It is important to talk about strength and the relationship it has with the reduction of falls.

 An individual walks into my office and asks to work on his balance because he is very fearful of falling. He is 82 years old. I will call him Joe. So, I asked Joe a series of questions. Joe has already been a member (application and consent have been completed) and has had a doctor’s consent to participate in a program for our wellness center. There are sensory deficits that can contribute to balance issues, such as lack of hearing or vision loss. Joe has both. Also, he struggles with getting up from a chair and up and down stairs. He does use a cane.

Joe and I went through a series of tests to assess balance and strength and found some areas that could be improved. Listed below are a few of the tests that could be performed by a fitness professional. Based on these results, an exercise prescription would be provided.

• Sit-to-stands test
• Single leg stance test
• Bicep curl test
• Timed up and Go test
• 2- min step test (cardio endurance)
• Functional reach test

This can be overwhelming at times; steps can be taken to improve his balance and strength. He scored on the lower part of the scale, which is why he struggles with some of his day-to-day activities such as getting out of a chair or walking up and down the stairs. Adding to those day-to-day activities, what if he had a bag of groceries or was carrying something from the first floor to the second floor? That would increase his risk of falling due to his lack of strength. So, the question would be, how can we improve his strength and decrease his risk of falling?

Here are some simple exercises (after a medical consultation) that you can add to his routine to get him stronger and reduce his risk of falling:

Leg-Focused Exercises

• Sit-to-stand exercises (chair squats to start with to modify)
• Standing leg lifts (done holding on to a countertop, standing tall
• Leg lifts lying in bed
• Calf raises (hold on to a tall chair or countertop, standing tall)
• NuStep (if applicable -or walking)
• Balancing on one leg (staying close to a chair)

Core Strengthening Exercises

• Bridges (can be done in bed, or if you can confidently get on or off the floor, with a mat)
• Seated crunches in a chair
• Seated marches in a chair

Since Joe was a new member, I did suggest a beginner-level balance class for him as well. When starting out a new exercise program, pay attention to how you are feeling. Ask yourself, does this make me feel good, do I feel pain, or am I too tired to continue for the rest of the day? It is ok to start slowly. Just remember it is ok to start slowly, but it is also important to know that the most effective way to prevent falls is to strength train and be consistent.

Ask yourself, do you have a strength program? If not, seek out a fitness professional that can help you with your strength journey. This can help you with future injuries and falls. Stay strong, my friends.

Your body needs to be able to handle whatever life throws at it, whether you’re an athlete training for your next competition, a weekend warrior striving for a personal best, or someone just wanting to finish a round of yardwork without a sore back. Progressive Resistance Training is the key to building your body’s natural armor, protecting you from injury while unlocking new levels of performance.

Your body builds resilience only when it is truly challenged. There are three primary ways your muscles adapt: mechanical tension, micro-tears, and metabolic stress.

• Mechanical Tension: This is the literal "pull" on your muscles when lifting something heavy. Your body responds by strengthening the connections to your bones, making your tendons more resilient.

• Micro-Tears: When you lift weights near your limit, you cause tiny tears in your muscle fibers. While this sounds negative, it’s the essential signal that tells your body to increase muscle size and density.

• Metabolic Stress: This is the "burn" you feel toward the end of a set. It’s a mixture of lactic acid and blood rushing to the area. The more you challenge this system, the more efficient your body becomes at managing this response, allowing you to work harder for longer.

When building your body, you need a plan. Jumping in and lifting the heaviest thing you can find is a recipe for disaster. A solid rule of thumb is to increase your total workload by about 10% per week. It’s also vital to listen to your body. If your muscles are painful to the touch, it’s okay to swap a heavy lift for some flexibility work. Remember: your muscles are challenged in the gym, but they grow during recovery.

A progressive training plan does more than just grow your biceps; it makes your whole body more resilient. By sticking to a program, you improve neuromuscular coordination, allowing your brain to recruit muscle fibers more efficiently. You also strengthen your bones. When your skeleton is taxed beyond its normal limits, it is driven to increase its density and rigidity. Perhaps most importantly, every challenging session proves to you that you can do hard things. You’re building mental toughness that carries over into every other part of your life.

Don't wait for the perfect day to get started. Make a plan, track your progress, and start seeing results. Progressive fitness training is the ultimate investment in your future self. Every "hard set" you finish today is a building block for the resilient body you’ll have tomorrow.

What Is Biomechanics?

In the health and fitness world, biomechanics is a subdiscipline of kinesiology. Kinesiology is the broader study of movement, incorporating topics like anatomy, physiology, motor learning, and exercise science. Biomechanics narrows the focus to examine the structure and movement within the musculoskeletal system, mostly focused on mechanical forces acting on the body.

These mechanical principles come from physics and engineering and help us understand how internal forces like bones, joints, and muscles produce motion. External forces like gravity can also show how they impact the body during movement. Having this knowledge plays a key role in improving performance, injury prevention, and designing sport-specific equipment and training strategies.

Core Principles of Biomechanics

Biomechanics core principles involve kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics is about describing motion, or how things move, without considering the acting forces. Kinetics is about the forces that create motion, or why things move, and includes internal and external forces. Key components of this include understanding motion, force, leverage, and balance. The body functions as a system of levers, and understanding how these systems work together allows for more efficient and safer movement patterns.

Applications of Biomechanics

Biomechanics applies basic principles of physics toward key areas like improving human performance, reducing risk of injury, and designing specific exercise equipment. These insights can help increase speed, efficiency, and power, all great for improving technique.

Biomechanics and Injury Prevention

Biomechanics plays a major role in injury prevention by identifying improper movement patterns like poor lifting or running form. Addressing these issues can reduce excessive joint stress and overuse injuries. Applying biomechanical principles is also important in rehabilitation to help guide exercise selection, progression, and determine when an individual can return safely to activity.

When it comes to creating exercise gear and equipment for sport performance, biomechanics can play an important role. It can help with engineering designs such as making running shoes for certain gaits, prosthetics for replacing missing body parts, and wearable gear that can provide real-time data.

Improving Biomechanics

Improving biomechanics requires intentional work on movement quality, not just strength or endurance. Key strategies involve getting a biomechanical assessment, focusing strength training with quality form, and improving mobility and flexibility. Biomechanical assessments involve having a professional screen movement patterns to identify any imbalances. Weight training with proper form involves reviewing movements during lifts to identify posture issues or inadequate movement patterns. Building strength in smaller stabilizer muscles can help support the joints and aid in proper alignment. Improving mobility and flexibility can also benefit biomechanics by increasing range of motion and improving overall technique.

By bringing the worlds of biological science and engineering principles together, biomechanics allows us to examine all forces acting on the body. This understanding allows practitioners and individuals alike to prevent injuries, improve movement efficiency, and support effective rehabilitation.

By applying biomechanical principles, the general population can move more safely, perform more efficiently, and function better in everyday tasks. Ultimately, biomechanics serves as a foundation to help individuals of all abilities move with more confidence, control, and purpose.

We’ve all heard that staying active as we get older is important, but let's really dig into the key players: what exactly can help prevent hospital visits due to common injuries like osteoporosis-related fractures?

Here's a startling fact from the CDC... every year, more than 300,000 people aged 65 and above end up in the hospital because of hip fractures. Recovery from these fractures can take what feels like ages and often has a negative effect on your independence. Approximately 30-40% of patients resume their prior activity levels.

Now, before you shrug and think, "Okay, that's unfortunate, but it doesn't affect me," let's focus on osteoporosis and its risks. This condition weakens bones, making them fragile and prone to fractures without you even realizing it's happening. It's often referred to as a "silent disease" because it creeps up without symptoms until - boom - you've got a fracture, usually in your hips, spine, or wrists. So, if you're aging (aren't we all?), you're at risk.

But here is the good news: there are some simple exercises that can help prevent the worst of osteoporosis.

Take the leg press, for example. It's a pretty common strength training exercise where you push weight away with your legs against some resistance. The leg press helps to stimulate cells that build bones and boosts bone density.

It is important that you learn proper technique so be sure to reach out to your Fitness Center staff for help. Your Fitness Center staff will teach you proper techniques, frequency, and intensity of exercises, ensuring safety and effectiveness.

Weight-bearing exercises like the leg press don't just help your bones - they also increase muscle strength. Increasing muscular strength also reduces your risk of falling which reduces your risk of fractures. They're like your body's personal bodyguards for your bones, reducing the chances of falls or fractures.

The bottom line is this: weight-bearing exercises, like the leg press, are key when it comes to fighting off osteoporosis. Regularly getting into these workouts can help strengthen your bones, increase your strength, and keep you healthier.

How you program matters! What are you doing to effectively engage residents in your community? Click below to see how NIFS programs for effective outcomes.

It isn’t a secret that as a person ages, there is an increased risk of falling. While there are a few different reasons this risk can increase, we will focus on what impacts a person’s ability to keep or put themselves in a steady position. One goal as a senior fitness professional is to introduce exercise as a tool to decrease your risk of falling. And we like to do that with a variety of exercises including a balance exercise focus. What is great about balance exercise is that it can be snuck into other favorite exercises or individual exercises to address a particular balance weakness. And often, the number one challenge that the aging population faces is their fear of falling which becomes their barrier to participating in the exercise in the first place.

Cue adding balance into your exercise routine! A wise person once said, “Practicing balance doesn’t make perfect; practicing balance makes permanent!” Our fitness professionals will say the same thing. It doesn’t have to be perfect; it doesn’t have to take a long time; you just have to do it consistently to reap the benefits!

Not sure what balance exercises to start with? Consider the following when you add balance into your routine:

Already Exercise? You’re a daily exerciser and you are wondering where balance fits in. My first question to you will be “what type of exercise are you currently engaging in?” Do you walk? Do you do resistance training? Do you play sports/recreation? The great part of this is that any exercise contributes to better balance, but now the key is to evaluate how to challenge yourself (we will talk about that more later)! Since you engage in a type of exercise, consider adding in balance specific exercises for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times per week. A few examples could be:

• Standing heel raises and toe raises.
• Stand with your feet wide and shift your weight side to side.
• Single leg stands.
• Side steps (step out to the right and bring feet together and then to the left)

Prepare for balance! Remember, all the exercises in the world will not do any good if you don’t follow these simple safety rules:

• Wear proper shoes. Your ankles and feet need good support. No sandals or fancy shoes!
• Utilize your strong muscles first. Get to know where your current balance is by using your strongest muscles. For example, a NIFS staff member wrote a great blog on starting from the ground up. The feet and ankles are our main support and knowing if the strength is there, is a good place to start. For example, single leg stands are challenging! And if your legs aren’t up to it yet, keep the opposite foot’s toes lightly resting on the floor for support.
• A mirror is helpful. Look at yourself when you attempt to balance, check your posture, and note what your limitations are (such as knee replacements or back issues).
• Stand on good flooring. Do your exercises on stable and level ground. If one side is higher or more unsteady than the other, you will be the same.
• Use stable support. Make sure that there is a stable chair or counter available. As you practice, you will need occasional support when you feel unsteady. The main goal is to prevent falling.
• Avoid fast movements and position changes. Slow down! Learn to turn and react with deliberate patience. Incorrect weight shifting is the number-one cause of falls. So, when you go to move or turn, remember to be as cautious as possible. What’s the real hurry? Let your body catch up with your mind’s intent.

Practice balance by challenging yourself! Just like with most exercises, your body becomes used to the movement (hopefully anyway!) After you have become comfortable with certain exercises, the next step is to practice exercises that force the body to feel unsteady and this will help the body become steadier. For example, if you’re capable of supporting yourself while raising both arms out and holding them for 10 seconds, next you can incorporate holding on with one hand and lifting one leg out to challenge yourself. Over time you can regain better balance.

These are just the basics when it comes to adding balance into your exercise routine. Keep in mind, these start with someone who has a basic understanding of exercise and balance, so if you are new to exercise NIFS highly recommends connecting with your primary physician before beginning new exercises and if it is available to you, working with a fitness professional to guide you along can keep you on track and challenging yourself.

Interested in learning more about how NIFS Fitness Management helps seniors across the country incorporate balance in their routine? Learn more about our signature program in our client locations by clicking below.

Most folks who have ever participated in balance training know that most exercises seem to involve only the legs. While it is important to focus on our lower extremities during our training, it is important to incorporate the use of our arms for more functional and effective training. Why? Because this will have more real-world applications! For example, practicing single leg stance is important for improving balance but most of us are not going to be in a situation where we must stand on one leg for an extended period of time. We will, however, be shifting our weight from one leg to another, swinging our arms like we do when walking, taking the stairs, dancing, or cleaning the house in real world daily activities.

So here we hope to provide you with a few balance exercises to consider for a more functional exercise for day-to-day fitness!

• Weight shifts with rotation (golf)
  • Stand with feet shoulder width apart with right hand on a chair or balance bar.
  • Raise left hand overhead with slight bend in knees.
  • Slowly hinge at the hip and bend down, bringing your left hand to the right knee.
  • Slowly rise back up, raising left arm overhead, rotating your shoulder, head, and hips, pivoting the right foot. Most body weight should now be on your left leg. This movement should almost mimic a golf swing.
  • Repeat 10 times, and switch sides.

• Step/lunge with rotation (walking)
  • Stand 6 inches or so away from a wall, facing the right.
  • Step forward with the left foot initiating a step or lunge.
  • Extend right arm forward, turn to the left, and touch the wall.
  • Rotate back to facing forward, stepping back to the starting position.
  • Repeat 10 times, and then switch sides.

• Hip hinge with overhead reach (stocking shelves)
  • Stand behind a chair with feet slightly wider than hip width.
  • With slight bend in the knees, hinge at the hip forward until hands are at or just below knee level.
  • Stand back up slowly and bring hands to your chest.
  • Press both hands over head as if you were putting something up in a cabinet.
  • Bring hands back down and repeat.
    • Use a weight or a ball for a more realistic experience!

• Single Arm Standing resistance band rows (walking the dog)
  • Attach a resistance band to an anchor point (balance bar or door handle)
  • Stand back to put tension on the band and set feet just wider than hip width.
  • Maintain posture keeping your shoulders down and elbows in as you row. Make sure to avoid trunk rotation.
  • Repeat 10 – 12 times and repeat on the other side.

• Farmers carry (carrying groceries)
  • Grab 2 heavy dumbbells (heavier than what you would normally use for biceps curl).
  • Stand tall with good posture, shoulders back, core engaged, and a dumbbell in each hand.
  • Walk at a slow and controlled pace around a room or down a hall with a flat even floor, and nothing in the way.
  • Perform this exercise for laps or for time (20-30 seconds for beginners and up to 1 minute or more for advanced).

These are exercises that can be done with little access to fitness equipment, but we still recommend connecting with your fitness professional to make sure you are completing them safely. All these mentioned can be modified to fit your abilities and what is more important is that all these exercises can be translated into real life activities.

Keep in mind, this is all about “functional” balance. While not all exercises are labeled as functional, they are still beneficial. For example, leg presses are great for building strength in the lower body, but they do not address balance specifically. Knowing why certain exercises are functional is also a great way to keep your fitness routine engaging, because now you know why you are performing a certain movement, and how it will apply out outside of the gym!

Interested in learning more to help your residents stay fit with functional fitness? NIFS Fitness Management includes 1-1 services and group programming that can help make sure your residents fitness program keeps them engaged in the things they love to do! Contact us for consulting opportunities.

You’ve probably heard some fitness myths floating through the gym, the internet, or from friends and you may even believe some of these myths yourself! It’s important to understand the facts from fiction to protect yourself from injury, and to make sure you are exercising properly. Let’s dive into some popular fitness myths that we hear daily in the gym and explain why they are just that: myths!

“No Pan, No Gain”

Pain and soreness should never be used to measure a good workout. Nor should you ever push through pain when exercising. Pain or soreness during exercise can either indicate delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), or an injury. If you ignore the pain you feel, repetitive movements can worsen the pain, resulting in a more serious issue over time. DOMS is normal, and usually lasts up to about 48 hours after exercise, and just means your body wasn’t used to the movement you performed. However, give those muscles a chance to recover before exercising them again to make sure that is all it was. Remember, listen to your body, it’s telling you something hurts for a reason.

"Spot Reducing Fat Exercises"

As a fitness professional, I have been asked several times what exercises a member can do to lose fat around the tummy, arms, backside, etc. Unfortunately, it is not possible to pinpoint certain areas of the body to lose fat. To lose fat, you need to burn more calories than you eat because this causes a calorie deficit. The body also does not burn fat only from the area you are working, because it uses energy from your body, leading to total body fat loss. Also, your body can be stubborn, and fat can be lost from different areas at different rates that you weren’t expecting. But please don’t let that discourage you! Know that the exercise is still beneficial and will increase strength and endurance in that area and sometimes give that part of the body a more “defined” appearance you are looking for!

“Lifting weights makes you bulky”

This saying could not be falser. Many think that heavy weights will make you bulky and light weights will make you lean. The type of weights you are lifting does not necessarily contribute to muscle growth, as most of the adaptations that make you stronger occur in your central nervous system. It is true that lifting weights will promote muscle hypotrophy leading to a size increase, but not “bulky” in appearance. In fact, to become the type of bulky you might be picturing, it takes a lot of time, hard work (and sometimes steroid use) to become “bulky”. In fact, for females, hormones prevent excess muscle mass. Muscle tissue is a lean tissue, so when paired with a good diet, strength training can help build a lean physique. Lifting heavier weights can offer several health benefits in your bones, muscles, ligaments, and brain, to name a few.

"Carbs make you gain weight"

Recent health trends have led people to believe carbohydrates are horrible for your body and cause excessive weight gain. This has mostly started to rise because highly processed carbohydrates are high in calories and sugars, leading to fat gain if eaten in excess. Complex carbohydrates like fruit, whole grains, and veggies are a valuable source of fuel used by your body and your brain to keep you alive. If you were to cut out carbs completely this would lead to weight loss, but not a healthy long term weight loss. It would also cause extreme lethargy, headaches, dizziness, and low blood sugar among some more mild side effects. The takeaway? Limit processed carbs and keep the whole foods!

"Lactic acid causes muscle soreness"

Lactic acid or lactate causing muscle soreness has been a fitness myth floating around for decades. While this myth was debunked in the 80s, many people (including some fitness professionals) still believe it to this day. Lactate doesn’t stick around in our muscles long enough after exercise to cause the soreness that we feel for the next day or two. Lactate clears out of our system about 30 to 60 minutes after exercise to be recycled into energy. The soreness we feel after exercise is the result of microtrauma (microscopic tears) in the muscle and connective tissue, leading to DOMS (mentioned above). There is a lot more science that goes into it, but this hits the basics.

Is there other information floating around the gym (or magazines) that you wonder has any truth to it? If you have access to a reputable source such a fitness professional, start there! Or, of course, the internet is full of answers, but you need to know that the website cites its findings and isn’t the thoughts of one individual. Regardless, we are glad you have interest in learning more to improve the work you do for your health every day!

When you were a kid, going out to play was something you likely did every day. No matter if it was riding a bike, skipping rocks at the pond, or running around the neighborhood with friends, it was just fun! Moving came naturally and easy and was not considered “exercise” to the adolescent mind even though it was most certainly keeping your body healthy. The reason I bring this up is because I want you to think about those times. They were a lot of fun, weren’t they? Sometimes in our fitness center, we will hear a member say that exercise isn’t very fun. We get it! Exercise isn’t everyone’s cup of tea, but as a fitness professional, my goal is to find a way to make it fun for you. Another thing we will often here is “I’m not as young as I was!” or “I can’t do that type of movement anymore.” It is true, with the play you did as a child, there was probably a lot of falling, bumps, and bruises and that can make a person apprehensive to get started in “play” again. But that is why we are here, to explore with you and find a form of fitness that you enjoy. Yes, the several number of changes that tend to happen to the body as it goes through the stages of life can make some things more difficult, but we want to help keep it from being the reason you decide to play less.

A regular physical activity regimen allows older adults to maintain independence as they age and navigate their way through life. The recommended goal for older adults is at least 150 minutes a week (that’s only 30 minutes of movement each day!) of moderate intensity aerobic exercise with two of those days being some type of muscle strengthening activity to improve muscle and bone health. All exercise is beneficial, but when we start aging, the most beneficial type of program would be one consisting of balance, flexibility, strength, and endurance. An equal mixture of all four and over time can provide drastic improvement in your everyday life activities as well as the overall health of your body.

Think back to younger years when stretching before and after physical activity wasn’t a thing, what were some of your favorite activities? Did you play cops and robbers with your friends, jump and splash in the pool with siblings, or play sports with friends? What are similar alternatives?

Did you really love running cross country track because it allowed you to get outside and see nature, that could now be substituted for going on weekly peaceful hikes with your family or friends. Explore local nature reserves and trails!

Did you like heading to the community pool or pond for a day with friends? Join your nearby fitness center and check out aqua classes or invite a friend to water walk!

Did you enjoy tennis? Consider taking up pickleball! A very similar game to tennis with less court to travel requiring less intense hits to get the ball across the net.

Did you belong to a bowling league? Believe it or not, virtual (Wii) bowling can be just as fun and competitive while also challenging your balance and stability!

Of course, we also suggest starting with your fitness professional! Talk to them about what you enjoy and what you don’t about exercise. We can help find ways to make it fun while increasing stamina and strength to enjoy “playing” more! Don’t forget that physical activity over time can improve quality of life and can increase longevity while decreasing other conditions that may come up. If it has been a while since you have exercised, that is okay! If you can make exercising social and fun, it can become something you love doing which helps to stay motivated instead of feeling like a chore.

The NuStep is a great multifunctional piece of equipment. Did you know the NuStep can be used for more than just building endurance? You can build strength, cardio, AND endurance depending how you use it. This is what makes the NuStep such a versatile piece of equipment in a senior living fitness center and why NIFS has partnered with NuStep for Pump it for Parkinson’s on Tuesday, April 11! This one-day event invites senior living communities across the country to come together, learn how Parkinson’s Disease affects our friends and neighbors while raising awareness on the benefits of exercise for those fighting back against the disease! We’ll be utilizing, you guessed it, the NuStep! Participation is free and communities will have a chance to win a NuStep T6 Cross Trainer. We’d love to have your community help us meet our goal of 1 million steps to honor the 1 million people in the US with Parkinson’s Day! Visit our Pump it for Parkinson’s page to complete your community’s registration and receive free tools to help in your planning.

As for taking your residents’ workouts to the next level on the NuStep, check out these great coaching techniques!

Using the NuStep for Endurance: Besides just getting on and going, have a plan when trying to build endurance with the NuStep. To help build endurance, make sure the resistance of the machine is moderately set. About a 4-6 on your 1-10 RPE (rating of perceived exertion) scale. Make sure you are maintaining your steps per minute! To help improve your endurance over time, add one to two minutes to the duration of your exercise session every week. This can help you go for a longer amount of time without taking a break.

Using the NuStep for Strength: To build strength with the NuStep, try this simple workout. After a warmup of about five minutes, turn your resistance up to a challenging level, about a 7-9 on your RPE scale. Using only your arms (feet are resting off the peddles), row at a moderate to quick pace for two minutes. After the two minutes, switch to just using your legs (arms resting on the arm rests), also peddling at the same pace for two more minutes. After the two minutes are up and now using your full body, peddle for five minutes on the same resistance. Repeat the cycle for the duration of your workout. Building strength can help you maintain independence, increase bone health, and increase muscle mass.

Using the NuStep for Cardio: To increase your cardiovascular fitness, you can try interval or high intensity interval training (HIIT). This will help increase the functional ability of your heart and lungs. Make sure you warm up for at least five minutes at a low resistance. After your warm up, increase the resistance to a moderate-vigorous level, about a 7-9 on your RPE scale, and peddle quickly for 60 seconds maintaining your steps per minute. After the 60 seconds is over, lower your resistance to a 4-5 on your RPE scale and decrease your steps per minute for a 60 second recovery. Repeat for the duration of your workout. You can adjust the amount of time as necessary. 30 seconds on, 90 seconds off, and so forth.

Make sure you are finishing your workout with a cooldown and some light stretching. Also make sure you are using the NuStep with good posture and that the machine is adjusted correctly for you. Before starting a workout, consult your physician and exercise professional if certain types of exercise are right for you. The NuStep can be a great alternative to other equipment which may be confusing to use, difficult to get in and out of, or aggravates an ailment. Check out a variety of NuStep workouts by visiting their website!

Join us for our Pump It for Parkinson's Event and receive a free program guide and resources to host this event at your community, April 11! Click below for more information. 

One of the biggest questions people have when experiencing and ache or pain is “do I use heat or ice to help eliminate my pain?” Ice and heating pads are among the most common treatments for pain, but are you using them correctly? If done wrong, using ice or heat may do more harm than good.

When to use Ice

Ice is most commonly used for acute recent injuries (within the last 72 hours) where swelling is the issue. Applying an ice pack like ice cubes in a plastic bag or a bag of frozen peas to the injured site can help minimize the swelling, relax the muscles, and reduce bleeding into the tissues to help manage pain. Ice can also be used for conditions like overuse injuries. In this instance, using ice after activity can help control inflammation. Some conditions on when ice is the best to use are:

• Sprains
• After new injuries
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Pulled muscles
• Gout

When to use Heat

Heat is best used for chronic conditions to help relax and loosen tissues and stimulate blood flow to the affected area. Heat is helpful in improving range of motion in a stiff joint. Don’t use heat right after exercise, an acute injury, or when swelling is involved. Heating the affected area can be accomplished with a heating pad, or a hot wet towel. Some conditions on when heat is the best to use are:

• Arthritis
• Muscle aches
• Chronic back or knee pain
• Sciatica pain
• Joint and muscle stiffness
• Fibromyalgia

Safety Tips

• Never apply the ice or heat source directly to skin. Wrap the source in a towel or an article of clothing can be worn.
• Do not treat ice or heat for longer than 20 minutes at a time.
• When using ice, check the skin frequently. If the skin becomes bright pink or red, stop immediately.
• Never use heat if there’s swelling or bruising, or if you have poor circulation or no feeling in the affected body part.